A Synthesis and Response of Two Articles Concerning...

Modern concerns about global warming have rekindled ideas about nuclear power in the United States but one concern still remains: what is to be done with the waste? Right now most spent nuclear fuel is stored in large casks at the plants where it was used with plans in the works for a common location to store the waste for long periods of time. Long term storage is not the only option, technology exists to take this spent nuclear fuel and remove the unused plutonium and uranium from the waste products to create more fuel. The remaining waste would be stored in a long term facility as discussed above. This process is highly controversial due to economic and safety concerns, but could increase the capacity of a long term storage facility.†¦show more content†¦Bastin also acknowledges the potential for large amounts of plutonium to fall into the wrong hands, but asserts that if a reprocessing plant is well managed, unlike plants of the past, the security of the nuclear material is not a difficult issue to control. On the subject of exposure, Bastin uses the example of the first reprocessing plant built for the United States government by DuPont. This design was built to contain all reprocessing equipment and materials in order to limit radiation exposure to employees. The main disagreement between the two authors lies in the economics of the reprocessing of spent fuel. In his article, Bastin discusses a reprocessing facility that would have been built in the early 1980s by DuPont that was based on the initial success of the pilot plant built for the U.S. Government. Using the outline of these successes, Bastin estimates that the cost of reprocessing at such a plant would cost $250 per kilogram of waste, as opposed to $1,000 per kilogram at French and British plants or even the $5,000 to $15,000 per kilogram at similar Japanese facilities. Bastin claims that the foreign reprocessing plants did not implement the ideas of DuPont’s original plant in th eir design which would have significantly lowered the cost of reprocessing. The biggest economic cost, according to Bastin, comes from not reprocessing fuel, mainly because the reprocessing of fuel allows for waste to remain radioactive for a shorter period

Object Relations Case Formulation Free Essays

string(84) " her grandmother about it and the father admitted to it and entered rehabilitation\." 1. Identifying details Name: Katrina Katryn Age: 20 Gender: Female Marital status: Single Dependents: N/A Highest level of education: Matric Present occupation: Student (Psychology 1st year) Reason for referral: Self exploration, dealing with the past, improving interpersonal experiences. Referral source: Self-referred 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Object Relations Case Formulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Presenting problem She experiences considerable anxiety in interpersonal situations. In addition she has feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness and hopelessness. These difficulties lead to academic concerns and relational problems in her current situation. Her self-esteem is extremely low and she expressed that she hates doubting herself constantly. 3. History of presenting problem. She was sexually abused when she was between 6 and 9 years old. The rest of the time she was emotionally and physically abused. She has always felt inferior and had low self-esteem as long as she can remember. She was diagnosed with depression at age 15 and was put on medication. She cannot remember the name of the anti-depressants and did not remember the exact diagnoses. The feelings of hopelessness and her academic problems has started relatively recently according to her. 4. Past illnesses Psychiatric Mood disorder (She cannot remember the exact diagnoses. ) Medical Nothing significant Anti-depressants (unknown) Adaptive features and Strengths She is intelligent and ambitious. She has shown courage in confronting her father about the abuse and her decision to mend their relationship show courage. She seems to have insight into her difficulties and the processes that keep them alive. She seems to be willing to change and to explore these difficulties in depth. The fact that she removed herself from her deleterious environment in adolescences is indicative of her self-preservative abilities. She is currently in therapy on a self-referral which again points out these abilities. She has taken responsibility of protecting her siblings in the past and the present which indicate her compassion for others. She seems to trust me and it is likely that we will form a therapeutic alliance. 5. Personal history I. Birth and early development As far as Katrinais concerned she was a wanted and welcomed baby although the pregnancy was not planned. The pregnancy was normal at 40 weeks without any complications. She did not experience any serious illnesses and was not involved in any accidents. She reached all her developmental milestones within the average intervals. This thus indicates a normal developmental trajectory throughout infancy. Katrina’s socio-emotional history was significantly compromised by physical, emotional and sexual abuse. She had an extremely wounding relationship with her father who mistreated her and then after the mistreatment behaved alluring towards her. She mentioned this several times during most of our sessions. She also had an ambivalent relationship with her mother during this time. Her mother would at times be very loving, caring and supportive, yet at other times ignore her cries for help and her need for her affection. She did not enjoy any close knit friendships and it seems that the only person she shared a healthy relationship with was her grandmother. This relationship however was constantly under attack from her parents. She described herself as an obedient and shy girl who felt lonely and different. II. Childhood During her childhood Katrina lived in a very traumatic family situation full of psychological, sexual and physical abuse. She mentioned that everything from her childhood was connected to a bitter feeling. She lived with her mother, father and younger sister. Her father was unhappy, aggressive, insecure, but in her childhood she experienced him as a powerful and great authority. Her father was sexually abused as a child. He was very strict and required discipline from his two children, especially from Katrina. He set strict rules and if these were broken, he beat Katrina. If she opposed him and objected to what he said, he hit her. When she was seven years old she was sexually molested by him on a regular basis. This continued until she was 9 years old and then her father stopped the sexual abuse. The emotional and physical abuse nevertheless continued throughout her childhood until she emancipated herself from her parents. Katrina’s socio-emotional history was significantly compromised by physical, emotional and sexual abuse and by the response of her mother during this time. On the one hand her mother was a warmer person than her father but she was subordinated to Katrina’s father. Her mother’s attitude towards her was very variable. Sometimes she was kind and interested in her, yet in cases when she did not like something she scolded, even hit her, which Katrina understood as the end of their relationship and love. But when her mother showed her compassion again, Katrina immediately forgave her. Her mother would at times be very loving, caring and supportive, yet at other times ignore her cries for help and her need for her affection. She did not enjoy any close knit friendships and it seems that the only person she shared a healthy relationship with was her grandmother. This relationship however was constantly under attack from her parents. She described herself as an obedient and shy girl who felt lonely and different. Katrina’s parents often quarrelled with each other, although father was less often physically aggressive towards the mother than towards Katrina. Katrina blamed herself for being the cause of disagreements, e. g. when she wanted something, parents quarrelled, because her father prohibited it while her mother allowed. So Katrina preferred to suppress her wishes and remained quiet to avoid quarrels. According to her conclusion there would be peace at home if she was a good girl. Even at her young age, Katrina had to assume responsibility for her younger sister. She was like her shadow and prevented her (Katrina) from relaxing completely. As mentioned earlier, Katrina’s only solace in her childhood years was her maternal grandmother. According to Katrina she was the only person she felt completely safe with. When Katrina was 9 the sexual abuse from her father stopped, Katrina told her grandmother about it and the father admitted to it and entered rehabilitation. You read "Object Relations Case Formulation" in category "Essay examples" Her mother nevertheless stayed married to him for the meanwhile and Katrina was expected to share a life with him despite the abuses he committed against her. She expressed the wished to stay with her grandmother, who at that time stayed quite close to them. It was however her mother and father’s (I suspect her father’s) decision to move away. Katrina remembered feeling like her world fell into pieces when this event occurred. Katrina and her younger sister were informed that another sister is on the way during this time. Katrina remembered that she was a shy little girl who found it difficult to make new friends. She remembered how difficult the move was for her leaving her friends and grandmother behind. III. Adolescence A stated previously although the sexual abused stopped her father continuously physically abused her until the age of 16 until she emancipated herself and went to live with her grandmother. Katrina explained that this was done despite protests from her mother and father. She went to visit her grandmother one holiday and never returned home. She felt extremely guilty leaving her 2 sisters behind but felt that this was the only way she could fled from the abuse of her father. She is not sure whether or not her father had abused her little sisters sexually but stated that he never physically abused them. Her parents divorced after this and her mother moved to Botswana where she still lives today. Katrina stayed with her Grandmother until she finished school. She did however not speak about her grandmother a lot in our sessions and only mentioned a few superficial accounts. She expressed that she was ordinary in high school and could not remember anything that stands out. She did however comment on the fact that she had a couple of boyfriends she referred to as â€Å"dominating idiots which she could not leave at will although she hated the relationships. She did have 1 or two close friendships. Her father remarried and Katrina has an ambivalent relationship with her stepmom who she describes as manipulating, controlling and mean. IV. Family data Katrina is the first born daughter of her biological parent’s first marriage. She has two younger sisters, X who is 16 and Y who is 13. Her parents divorced when she was a teenager. Her father remarried and has two boys with her stepmom. Her mother and biological sisters stays in Botswana. Katrina sees them at least twice a month when she and her boyfriend go to visit them. Her mother had a boyfriend but they broke up recently when she was in therapy with me. V. Cultural features Katrina is a 20 year old Caucasian woman of the Christian religion. She is English speaking. VI. Social condition She is currently staying in the residence at the University she studies. She seems well looked after. She comes from a typical suburban middleclass background. She is dating a 20 year old guy, who I met. Other than this she has not mentioned other friends. It seems that her boyfriend and her family is her only support system at the moment. 6. Personality Katrina is somewhat introverted and extremely dependent. She seems to be submissive and self-criticizing. She is shy, withdrawn and apologetic. Although she at times seemed optimistic it was clear that this is a mask for her underlying pessimism and distrust in people in general. 7. Mental status examination Katrina was orientated to time space and place. She did not exhibit delusions, hallucinations or cognitive disturbances. She was dressed in line with the latest trends. Her appearance did not seem extravagant yet it was nevertheless neat. Her affect was a bit blunted initially and she did seem a little blocked off. This however changed throughout our sessions. 8. Diagnosis Axis I. Major depressive disorder, Recurrent, Moderate Axis II. Dependent Personality Disorder Axis III. None Axis IV: Problems with primary support group (victim of physical and emotional abuse in childhood; Disruption of family due to parents’ divorce). Problems related to the social environment (inadequate social support). Axis V GAF: 55 :Moderate symptoms and moderate difficulty in social and occupational functioning. Comments: At termination GAF = 80 Good improvements in self-evaluation, self-esteem and assertiveness. Good reality testing and a sense of independence in her relationship with her father. 9. Prognosis Currently it seems that Katrina has dealt with a large part of her experience with the sexual abuse. She has gained some insight on the reasons she is overly dependent on people to make decisions for her and why she feels like she will lose relationships or love when she assert herself in interpersonal situations. Although she will benefit to long term therapy I feel that we have dealt with key aspects in our 7 months together. 10. Case formulation The so called schizoid ego splitting can be noticed in Katrina. In her early relationships Katrina did not have safe attachments. She lived through mistreatment and lack of support, the consequence of which is that children hide their feelings and relational needs. This stops or slows down the process of integration and the ego gets fragmented (Klein, 1987, in Little, 2001). This gives rise to the first degree of a split or withdrawal as described by Fairbairn (1952, in Little, 2001), where the ego splits into coping/every day self (central ego), which maintains the relation with the outer world, and the withdrawn/vulnerable self (libidinal ego), which hides itself. At an early stage of development Katrina could not display some parts of herself, like feelings of vulnerability, anger, playfulness, her own interests, the part connected with relaxation and enjoyment, because for all these she was punished with physical violence and emotional rejection. She most probably hid and suppressed this part of herself and thus the withdrawn/vulnerable self-formed. Outwardly Katrina showed her coping/every day self, which listened to the parents, was good at school and at home, who did not object and had no interests of her own, while being active all the time. During the psychotherapy Katrina mentioned several times that she did not know at all who she was, that she did not know herself and that in interpersonal situations that provoked any form of anxiety she felt like she was falling to bits. She described herself as an abused person and that that is all she is and nothing else. This might be because till then she mostly defined herself through others and through those specific experiences. This particularly describes the process of splitting into both previously mentioned selves, where the authentic self (vulnerable self) hid, while Katrina identified herself with the coping/every day self, which was more social self and represented her adjustments to the wishes of other people around her, like her mother and father. Simultaneously the splitting of external objects, i. . people who were important for her, occurred. The coping/every day self has to maintain a connection with important objects, otherwise the child could not survive on his/her own. This gives the child a sense of security (Little, 2001), which represents a very important need for Katrina, as will be further described in the following section. For Katrina to be able to keep a tolerably good connection with h er mother, she had to separate bad experiences and internalize them, which suppressed her withdrawn/vulnerable self even more. In this way the coping/every day self is connected with the idealized object (Little, 2001), which also holds true in Katrina’s case. At the beginning of psychotherapy Katrina strongly idealized her mother; she spoke only of good experiences with her, not remembering unlikable experiences, since these were split off. Only with on-going therapy was she gradually able to integrate these experiences. She was also very loyal to her mother, defending her all the time, not being angry with her, which all shows a strong tie between the coping self and the idealized object. An example of this the following : Katrina has received various complaints from her sisters and has experienced it for herself that her mother has sex with her boyfriend in the house where everybody in the house can hear everything. According to Katrina these events are quite explicit and make everyone extremely anxious and uncomfortable. She however defended her mother by saying that her mother deserves the happiness and pleasure and that Katrina wants her mother to be happy. â€Å"We can look past this because my mom deserves to be happy†. On the other hand Katrina had isagreeable memories of her father from the very beginning. She mainly blamed him for her ugly childhood, so that Katrina probably formed a split also between both parents (father thus representing the bad object, and mother the good one). Th e vulnerable self is in relation to the exciting/disappointing object (Little, 2001) and this represents the developmentally needed relationship between her mother and Ka trina. Their relationship was very variable, i. e. her mother was warm and kind to Katrina some of the time. Katrina hoped that mother would satisfy her needs, but was later disappointed and rejected by her. I n my judgment Katrina’s mother had great difficulties in getting attuned to Katrina. This resulted in the exciting/disappointing object to be experienced as painful and dangerous by Katrina, which meant that she suppressed this aspect into her unconscious as the disappointment. The withdrawn self, splits further to create the internal saboteur (Fairbairn, 1952, in Little, 2001), which serves to keep the vulnerable self, hidden and repressed. The saboteur’s function is to precede criticism of other important persons and thus regulates a child’s behaviour (Erskine, 2007). It is that is to say easier to bear inner criticism than criticism by important other persons, because this would signify an end of a vital relationship. Katrina on several occasions mentioned that she was afraid to speak her mind in her significant relational circumstances because she feared that it would mean the end of that relationship. It is also too painful to incessantly repeat disappointments due to unmet needs; therefore the inner saboteur blocks these needs and even denies their existence. In Katrina the inner saboteur (anti-libidinal ego) formed, manifesting itself in Katrina’s excessive self-criticism. As early as primary school she criticised herself for her looks, clothes and shoes, her behaviour and her inferior abilities, and she worried that other children might not like her. Through her inner saboteur Katrina constantly controlled herself, her vulnerable self, e. g. , she forced herself to be strong, not to show emotions and to be well-behaved. She kept convincing herself that she didn’t lack anything. Therefore Katrina created an inner saboteur to be able to survive with a violent father and aloof mother. The inner saboteur is in relation with the rejecting/attacking object, which attacks the vulnerable self so that the latter would remain suppressed (Little, 2001). Rejecting/attacking object in Katrina was formed by aggressive reactions of her mother and father, the violence (physical, sexual and emotional blackmail), daily criticism, humiliations etc. This part contains numerous contents, so the inner saboteur is very powerful. In my judgement then her dependent personality developed as a result of the above dynamics and within her early relational experiences described above. Her dependent tendency creates significant anxiety and difficulty in her current relations with people, especially in her relationship with her father from which she cannot separate completely. 11. Management plans The first few sessions were focussed on normalizing her feelings of ambivalence in relationships and her over dependence on other people’s decisions. I also highlighted her strengths for her in our early session. For instance the fact that she took the initiative to emancipate her from her parents at age 16 and that she entered counselling out of her own accord showed resilience and strength and would be useful in our sessions. Key aspects to work on and therapeutic goals (a) Help Katrina to talk about the abuse; (b) validate the Katrina’s experience and feelings; (d) help to correct misperceptions of blame and responsibility for the abuse; (e) encourage Katrina to formulate and reach goals for personal coping and healing The first phase focused on stabilization and mastery: building the therapeutic relationship; reduction and containment of stress-related symptoms; establishing safety; and coping with current life problems. The second phase we dealt with integration of traumatic memories. The final phase was concerned with self-development, relational development, and adaptation to daily life. PHASE 1: THE THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE Katrina was hesitant about returning to counselling. She was sceptical about her safety in a therapeutic environment as a result of her previous experience in therapy. I was aware that Katrina had been dealing well with the impact of the sexual abuse, but her adult desire for stable relationships and being able to assert herself in these relationships called for therapy from a mature perspective. I worked to establish positive rapport. Employing a person-centred approach throughout the first few sessions established a safe environment. Katrina chose the topics for the initial sessions. I used open-ended questions to avoid leading her, and helped her determine which difficulties were of primary importance. Treatment had to deal with both the underlying history of trauma and the current symptoms. Once rapport was firmly established, Katrina felt she was safe and her feelings were understood. PHASE 2: ADDRESSING PAST TRAUMA SYMPTOMS Examples of associated problems that need to be understood within a diagnostic and treatment approach for childhood abuse are a pattern of disrupted development, loss of self-sustaining identity. In this phase we explored her ambivalent feelings toward her parents and her ambivalent self-concept or self-experience. We also explored ways she has come to understand her childhood abuse. I was aware of transference and my own counter transference in our sessions. I interpreted the transference for her and we worked on integrating her identity. For example she felt like an abused person and it was so strongly related to her self-concept that it took over her life. We worked on redefining herself as someone who just happened to be the victim of abuse. Example of countertransference: I had a feeling that I wanted to give Katrina advice and wanted to give her solutions. I also had the feeling like I have to protect her in some way. I tried to meet Katrina’s need for security by setting clear limits of therapy, by concluding a therapeutic agreement with her, by informing her of the characteristics of the therapy and by telling her that there are no right and wrong answers. I accepted her in her wholeness, including her depressive, gloomier part and her history of abuse. I did not denounce her when she thought I would. All this contributed to creation of a sense of safety in the therapy; she felt that she could show herself such as she was, without causing my respect towards her to diminish or without my criticizing or rejecting her. All this helped her to be less reluctant to continue with psychotherapy. During that phase of therapy Katrina gradually expressed her anger better, particularly in her relation to father. It was a great achievement also that she expressed anger to her mother to whom she previously never set limits. Katrina found out that each expression of anger does not necessarily provoke conflict, violence and termination of a relationship. Katrina still finds it hard to experience anger with parents, as feelings of guilt and self-blame appear. What follows are examples of our sessions: Session 6 Katrina surprised me by bringing her boyfriend with into our session. It was noteworthy as the supposed reason for our sessions has nothing to do with him. She did not involve him in the session and he was more like an observer. I commented on his presence and asked if he will join us each time. They both said no. This is something I would like to explore further in our future sessions. We explored strategies to deal with her insecurity in interpersonal situations. I asked her to name 5 rules she lives by relating to her relations with people. Most of them seemed to point to a certain notion that there is condition upon if other people would accept her contributions to any interaction. She does this in our sessions as well, for example: she would say something like the following: I want to ask you something but I am afraid that you would think I am crazy and stupid for asking it. I know it’s not the right thing for me to be thinking of and I am afraid you will think less of me. I asked her to think of other relationships in which she engages with this thinking in. She identified that this is why she came for counselling. That she feels that if she is not perfect and always the way other people would like her to be they (everyone) would not accept her. She went as far that she fears that people would totally reject her and banish her from their lives permanently. I ended the session by giving her homework. She had to identify some of her rules that she feels is operating in her relationships with others. I then asked her to write them down and next to each one write down an alternative to this rule one that is in essence contradictory. . Session 7 We discussed her homework and I commented on her resourcefulness in coming up with good alternatives. It made her feel empowered. I thought to try and relate what we have discussed in our previous session to her bringing her boyfriend to therapy. I asked Katrina on the incidence of bringing her boyfriend with. She said that she felt safer when he is around. I hypothesised that our previous session made her feel vulnerable as we explored where her interpersonal mistrust and anxiety could’ve emerged and she related this to her relationships with both her parents. I asked if that she felt exposing these quite personal details at me she felt that I would reject her and related it to the rules that we discussed in session 4. It was in this session that she cried and really showed strong emotion when she spoke about her father and even more so her mother. A definite area to explore more!!!!! PHASE 3: Self-development, relational development, and adaptation to daily life. Session 6 Having not seen each other for over a month as a result of exams and the holiday and we did some catching up. She said that she felt better and feels that she can handle the interpersonal insecurities she felt better. In session 4 we spoke about being aware when these feelings, which we agreed to, call uncertainty, emerges. Then immediately challenging them with something like there are no conditions of people’s acceptance of me. They will accept me and my decisions and contributions for who I am and for what it is. She asked my advice on a decision she had to make after a disagreement with her father over the weekend about her 21st birthday party. I asked her if it would make a difference if I told her what to do. We went back and forth on this and I asked her if it is important for her for me to think that she is making the right decision. She said that she thinks that I am â€Å"clever† and educated and that if I agree with her she would know it is the right decision. I asked her if she always feel the necessity to check in with other people before she makes decisions. She said that she always feels uncertain, especially when it comes to her father as he is manipulating and knows how to make her feel guilty about her decisions. She said that this has always been the case. I told her that my advice would be irrelevant and asked her to give me the options and the outcomes of decisions regarding this situation. This opened up a space in which we could discuss her relationship with her father and her story about this relationship in depth. She told a story of her father being a loving and caring father if she was exactly the way he wanted her to be and did what he expected of her. If she disagreed with him he would tell her that she has to choose between his view points or she could pack her stuff and leave his home. This is still the case and it is a huge fear of Katrina that when she shows any disagreement with her father’s wishes he would completely reject her and shut her out of his life permanently. I asked her the following questions to confirm my hypothesis that she might fit into the dependent personality diagnosis. †¢Some people enjoy making decisions. Others prefer to have someone they trust guide them. Which do you prefer? Her response : I would prefer someone guiding me. Do you seek advice for everyday decisions? Her response : Always †¢Do you find yourself in situations where other people have made decisions about important areas in your life, e. g. what to wear, where to go out to, what to study ect.? Her response : All the time. †¢Is it hard for you to express a different opinion with someone you are close to? What do you t hink might happen if you did? Her response. Our relationship will end†¦. Ummm well maybe not end but they will leave me and I’ll have to beg them to stay. †¢Do you often pretend to agree with others even if you do not? Why? Do you think it could get you into trouble if you disagree? I always agree, especially with my mom and dad. I don’t want them to leave me because they think I am a rebel or something. †¢Do you often need help to get started on a project? No †¢Do you ever volunteer to do unpleasant things for others so they will take care of you when you need it? If I think about it I have done it often in the past. †¢Are you uncomfortable when you are alone? Are you afraid you will not be able to take care of yourself? I have to be around at least one other person. I am terrified of being alone. Have you found that you are desperate to get into another relationship right away when a close relationship ends? Even if the new relationship might not be the best person for you? I had boyfriends who abused me, just like my father did but I stayed with them for a long time. I have never been single not once since high school, since I started dating no matter how bad the relationship wa s before the new one I always quickly found a new boyfriend. The one that I have now is the best thing that ever happened to me. †¢Do you worry about important people in your life leaving you? I am very anxious that they will especially my boyfriend, my father and my mother After these sessions we began to set real life goals like for example. Asking her dad for coffee in a public place and talking to him about what concerns her. She was very scared to do this but she did it and disconfirmed her beliefs regarding him leaving her if she speaks her mind. He actually embraced it and their relationship has become more realistic and reciprocal. He now phones her and she could decide what she wanted to do with her 21st birth day party something he had took over from her. She has also confronted her mother about her concerns about the example her mother sets for her sisters when her boyfriend stays over and they get, well a little loud in the bedroom. She spoke to her lecturers regarding her bad marks and attempted to rectify her poor academic performance. Although she still fails the subject she feels good about trying to do something about it and having the courage to face the lecturer. We discussed termination and I suggested that we see each other on a bi-weekly basis. I did not want her to become dependent on me and on the therapy. She then suggested that we terminate in our next session as she felt â€Å"ready to take on her responsibilities and face the music†. I suggested that we see each other for two more sessions just to reflect back on our journey and top identify the resources she is now able to utilise. 12. Issues for discussion Did I follow a suitable therapy journey with her. References Erskine, R. G. (2007). Unconscious process, transference and therapeutic awareness. Workshop on Institute IPSA. Ljubljana, Slovenia. Little, R. (2001). Schizoid Processes: Working with the defences of the withdrawn child ego state. Transactional Analysis Journal, 31 (1), 33-43. How to cite Object Relations Case Formulation, Essay examples

Brookes poem Essay Example For Students

Brookes poem Essay Brookes poem communicates the positive side of war. Whereas Owens poem suggest that war is horrendous. However Wilfred Owen wrote Dulce et Decorum Est in1917. Owen fought for many years in the war as a soldier and picked up a few injuries one of them landing him in hospital. Dulce et Decorum Est. portrays the fact that the soldiers fighting are helpless and arent heroes which then hints that Owen is giving a warning to the younger generation, who are more vulnerable, that the good things that are said about the war arent necessarily true. The pattern of the rhyming scheme in the soldier is soft and uses gentle rhyming couplets to create a persuasive and plausible atmosphere. Brookes poems structure is very significant to the reader because it gives the poem the nationalistic point of view on war. On the other hand the pattern of the rhyming scheme in Owens poem is very harsh and broken up and the poem has a very critical ending to it, the ending reflects what is happening in the poem. The tone of the speaker in Brookes poem uses very supple, pliable language and is also quite coercive. The poet has introduced a slow rhythm that flows and is consistent throughout the poem. Alternatively Owenss poem is critical, powerful and very solemn. The speaker in this poem uses hard yet powerful language to create that caliginous atmosphere.  Rupert Brooke uses personification in his poem to describe England as a person. The poet is trying to say that England is like a mother to him loving, caring and provides protection for him. He describes England as a she which is giving an inanimate country a human reference. The poet of Dulce et Decorum Est also uses many effective similes and metaphors so that the reader gets a detailed image of the scene that Owen is creating. At one point in the poem Owen describes the soldier as a devil sick of sin. This simile suggests that the expressions on the mans face were so terrible that even a devil which is a fiendish, cruel and unpleasant character was sick of that sin. This then suggests that even a ruinous character like a devil is fed up of seeing so much bad. The effect that this then has on the reader is that it creates a troposphere that the reader can then compose a detailed image in his/her mind. Owen also uses another simile, like a man floundering in fire or lime this communicates that the man was moving clumsily while in tremendous pain. Brookes is sharing with us a very positive, coercive and patriotic poem. The poet has written this poem to prevail upon the reader a nationalistic view of war. However some people believe that Rupert Brooke wrote such a positive poem because he was using it as an escape from the reality and the helplessness of war, and that he was writing it to make himself try and believe what he was writing. On the contrary Dulce et Decorum Est was trying to convince the readers not to go out and fight in the war and is giving us an honest and truthal opinion of war. The speaker in Owens poem is very serious and deeply opinionated the poem is ironic and gives pity to the war. This war poem is written in iambic pentameter. In Owens war poem he communicates shock of the reality of war. Though later the reader discovers the irony of the poem. There are many contrasting factors between the two poems; one talks about the positive things about war while the other draws attention to the awful reality of war.  Firstly, imagery is used in both poems allowing the reader to create a more detailed picture of the theme. Rupert Brooke uses personification to describe his loving and patriotic feelings about England. This is evident in the line, A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, gave once her flowers to love, her ways to roam This supports the ways in which he feels England has helped the people. .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .postImageUrl , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:hover , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:visited , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:active { border:0!important; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:active , .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489 .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53d2018924cc00558072f556329a8489:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Festival of Pure Brightness EssayThroughout the poem he compares England to a woman, so every time he speaks of England he refers to it as she. He makes it sounds like England has done everything for the people. More specifically I am convinced that he is talking about a motherly role. She is nurturing and all loving which gives her this role. Rupert Brooke uses similes to compare England to the brightness and optimistic things about daytime. This is apparent as it is said, Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day This quotation highlights his perception of how positive the sights, sounds and dreams of England were.\par

Starbucks Corporations Essay Sample free essay sample

Starbucks corporations are one of the largest shops that deal in the retail market more than 7. 000 shops in 25 states. It is said to hold a strong place in the market since it gets the largest portion in the market through its retail market. It carries out intensive market enlargement and broad arrays of distribution channels and besides innovatively by distinguishing its merchandises therefore doing the company to hold a competitory advantage. This company has a level organisational construction whereby this construction allows for employees engagement in the use of cross-functional work squads in its strategic planning procedures. It operates many different shops in most of the industrialised states of the universe. It is one of the companies with good direction and leading schemes which have led to its growing. In any organisation. these nomenclatures normally apply in these organisations so that they can win. Effective direction maps and leading manners is really much vital in a ny organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Corporations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is through effectual leading and good direction that the organisation will remain healthy and ever win in its activities. Many organisations like Starbucks hire responsible leaders and directors in order to run the organisation in a safe and professional mode. The directors and leaders in this organisation have different functions and duties for illustration a good and effectual director can be trained by the organisation in order to go a future leader. ( Kim. 1999 ) . Difference between direction and leading Management can be defined as the procedure by which organisations get their activities completed expeditiously and besides efficaciously by the usage of other people and some of these people may include directors and leaders in that organisation. It is seen as an act and besides a mode of pull offing. oversing. managing. commanding the activities of the organisation while on the other manus. leading in an organisation can be defined as the ability to take others. ( Kim. 1999 ) . Role of leaders and directors in Starbucks Leaderships in any organisation are thought to hold so many functions. These leaders are really of import since it’s through good leading that this organisation can be a good leader in the market. One. the function of leaders in this organisation is pull offing participant registrations and function assignments. The leader in this instance is supposed to delegate functions to the workers in this company. He is supposed to guarantee that every worker is supposed to make whatever he /she is supposed to make at the right clip. Besides. he ensures that the work which has been assigned has been completed at the right clip. It’s through this that most of the activities in this organisation will be done therefore taking to the improved public presentation of this company. ( Allen. and Cherrey. 2000 ) . The leader in this instance is supposed to delegate new members new functions. He ensures that all new workers to the company have got their several functions. He besides ensures that the new members are in a place to acquire the necessary stuff to make this occupation. He besides makes certain that the new workers have been oriented. Orientation in any organisation is really much of import. It is through orientation that the new members in this company will be in a place to cognize the company and really what activities are done by this company. It is through this orientation that the new members will be in a place to work efficaciously. So. the leader in this instance is supposed to guarantee that these people are oriented through the company and it is after orientation that they will be assigned their several functions. A good leader in this instance should besides assist in policy devising. In any organisations. you find that policies are really of import since it’s throug h these policies that the organisation can be run. Policies are seen as supplying way to the company. So. it is the function of the leader to assist in set uping these policies to guarantee that this organisation is in a place to recognize its set ends and aims. Directors on the other manus are seen as supplying way to the organisation. In this instance. a trough is supposed to organize the activities of this organisation. Through coordination. the director is supposed to guarantee that all the activities in this company are done right. ( Allen. and Cherrey. 2000 ) . The maps of direction Good direction is supposed to hold several maps some of which include the undermentioned. One is be aftering. Management is supposed to hold a good program of the company. It’s through planning that this organisation will be in a place to accomplish its set ends and aims. Proper be aftering incorporates be aftering for the organisation activities. guaranting that the necessary resources are besides available in this company. Another map is forming the activities of the company. Good direction is supposed to guarantee that the activities of the organisation are good organized. A good illustration is forming the resources of the company to guarantee that the resources are to the full utilised hence taking to greater net incomes. Another map in this instance is resourcing. Resourcing in the sense that the company ensures that all financess which are needed by the company are available and in conclusion is commanding and directing the activities of the company. Good direction ensu res that the activities of this company are controlled. It ensures that proper way has been given by the organisation through establishing of direction schemes which are set policies by the company which are supposed to move as a way to this company. ( Lazear. 2000 ) . Management schemes for the company Forecasting scheme is really of import. Directors and leaders are supposed to calculate for the hereafters. They are supposed to guarantee that they can believe beyond what the organisation is making right now. They are supposed to do direction schemes which will do this company to win in future and a good illustration is the selling schemes for this company. Selling schemes are rather of import in strategic direction. Proper selling policies ensures that the concern is good run therefore taking to immense net incomes. Selling schemes are determinations made by the organisation leaders and directors in order to decently apportion its resources so that it can recognize its set ends and aims. When these policies are decently set. so you find that the organisation can accomplish its ends efficaciously. It is seen as a tool used to supply way in a house. Proper selling should be decently analyzed to do certain that the organisation is effectual when making its activities. A proper scheme is power. This is because the more you know about your clients. rivals and so the better you can orient your goods and services in order to pull new clients in the concern. promote them to pass more hence increasing your net incomes in that sector. As a consequence. you besides realize that you are at the same clip lucrating long enduring relationships which enable these clients to ever shop in your retail sector hence increasing your profitableness. In the selling schemes. one besides considers the location of the concern where there are no many rivals. ( Lazear. 2000 ) . Another scheme to be adapted by the directors and leaders is the planning scheme. Planing in this company is of import. It’s through planning that the company is in a place to apportion its resources to the full. It plans for the assorted functional countries for the company say in the accounting subdivision which is one of the of import sections for this company. Accounting programs are of import in any organisation since it helps maintain proper stock records. So in this instance. accounting section is of import since it help an organisation to decently maintain its stock records. If these records are decently kept. so this organisation can run its activities taking to a greater end product in return. Accountants in any organisation will pass most of their clip fixing accounting information. Accounting section besides ensures that all fiscal information in that organisation is good monitored and controlled. He plays a large function since this individual plays a cardinal fun ction in the endurance of the concern. Accountants besides guarantee that all major buying determinations are done by non sabotaging the fiscal stableness of the concern and all these cab be achieved through planning schemes made by the company leaders and directors. ( Lazear. 2000 ) . Decision Good direction and leading are of import in any organisation. It’s through good leading and direction that the company will be in a place to accomplish its set ends and aims. Mention Lazear. E. ( 2000 ) : Performance and Productivity.Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 21 ( 4 ) : 23-45 Kim. C. ( 1999 ) : Management Schemes ;Journal of Business Strategy. Vol. 5 ( 9 ) : 89-100 Legal Information. Retrieved from. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. pocruises. com/pocruising/booking-conditions. aspx on 2neodymiumFebruary 2008 Allen. K. . and Cherrey. C. ( 2000 ) : Systematic leading: Enriching the significance of our work. lanham. Mendelevium: University imperativeness of America. Drath. W. ( 2001 ) : Rethinking the beginning of leading. San Fransisco. Calcium: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 Essays - Happiness

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 Essays - Happiness Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 September 24TH 2015 1.Using your Everyday Encounters textbook as your reference, provide a brief description of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in your own words. Explain briefly how communication helps us meet our needs (3 pts.). I believe we need communication in everyday life, its how we survive. Maslows hierarchy of needs starts with what I think is important, self-esteem needs are what we need to respect ourselves, to be values and to be respected by others. We strive for self-confidence in everyday life, we want to be better than we were yesterday. Thats how we communicate to ourselves to grow and succeed. 2.Select one of the eight needs on the hierarchy. Provide a definition of that need (3 pt.). The rest of the assignment will focus on this need Self-esteem needs are most important, they are competence, approval and recognition. -Competence is having suitable or sufficient skills, knowledge, and experience -Approval is valuing and respecting ourselves and being valued and respected by others. We communicate through our mind to respect our selves -Recognition is confirmation that another person exists, we do this by non-verbal Behaviours such as a smile or a touch or even verbally by saying things such as Hello nice to meet you. 3.Reflect on a time when you used interpersonal communication in order to meet that need. Explain the situation, who was involved, what you and the other person or people communicated, and how your need was met (6 pts.) When I decided to come out as gay, I had to communicate with my family to let them Who I was. I was so nervous to talk but once I started speaking I was calm. My family sat there and listened then reassured me that it was ok that they love and respect me no matter what. Communicating helped meet my needs by putting self confidence in myself. 4.Consider your future workplace (i.e. addictions) where you will work with clients from different walks of life. Provide an example of a situation in which you will use communication to help someone meet the need you selected (6 pts.). Becoming a counsellor if someone came to me with a situation like mine they were having a hard time coming out to their family, I would tell them about my experience about coming out to my family because I have that knowledge. I then would make sure they are confident in themselves that they would have the approval they need from their parent (example: are they comfortable with other people who are gay) I then would ask the client if they respect them self well enough to be sure that this is what they want. I would make sure he recognises that I am understanding and listening well too him by showing empathy for them. Communication allows your voice to be heard. .

A Poem from Aeon Entelechy Evangelion by Earthscorpion

Many a star must have been there for you so you might feel it. A wave lifted towards you out of the past, or, as you walked past an open window, a violin gave of itself. All this was their mission. But could you handle it? Were you not always, still, distracted by expectation, as if all you experienced, like a Beloved, came near to you? (Where could you contain her, with all the vast strange thoughts in you going in and out, and often staying the night. ) But if you are yearning, then sing the lovers: for long heir notorious feelings have not been immortal enough. Those, you almost envied them, the forsaken, that you found as loving as those who were satisfied. Begin, always as new, the unattainable praising: think: the hero prolongs himself, even his falling was only a pretext for being, his latest rebirth. But lovers are taken back by exhausted Nature into herself, as if there were not the power to make them again. Have you remembered Gastara Stampa sufficiently yet, that any girl, whose lover has gone, might feel from that intenser example of love: Could I only become like her? Should not these ancient sufferings be finally fruitful for us? Isnt it time that, loving, we freed ourselves from the beloved, and, trembling, endured as the arrow endures the bow, so as to be, in its flight, something more than itself? For staying is nowhere. Voices, voices. Hear then, my heart, as only saints have heard: so that the mighty call raised them from the earth: they, though, knelt on impossibly and paid no attention: such was their listening. Not that you could withstand Gods voice: far from it. But listen to the breath, the unbroken message that creates itself from the silence. It rushes towards you now, from those youthfully dead. Whenever you entered, didnt their fate speak to you, quietly, in churches in Naples or Rome? Or else an inscription exaltedly impressed itself on you, as lately the tablet in Santa Maria Formosa. What do they will of me? That I should gently remove the semblance of injustice, that slightly, at times, hinders their spirits from a pure moving-on. It is truly strange to no longer inhabit the earth, to no longer practice customs barely acquired, not to give a meaning of human futurity to roses, and other expressly promising things: o longer to be what one was in endlessly anxious hands, and to set aside even ones own proper name like a broken plaything. Strange: not to go on wishing ones wishes. Strange to see all that was once in place, floating so loosely in space. And its hard being dead, and full of retrieval, before one gradually feels a little eternity. Though the living all make the error of drawing too sharp a distinction. Angels (they say) would often not know whether they moved among living or dead. The eternal current sweeps all the ages, within it, through both the spheres, forever, and resounds above them in both.Finally they have no more need of us, the early-departed, weaned gently from earthly things, as one outgrows the mothers mild breast. But we, needing such great secrets, for whom sadness is often the source of a blessed progress, could we exist without them? Is it a meaningless story how once, in the grieving for Linos, first music ventured to penetrate arid rigidity, so that, in startled space, which an almost godlike youth suddenly left forever, the emptiness first felt the quivering that now enraptures us, and comforts, and helps.

Kraft Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kraft Foods - Essay Example This form of marketing is recognized as internet marketing or online marketing in addition, there are several types of internet marketing. Internet marketing has several merits and demerits. Internet marketing is quite cheap to reach the target audience and it can also allow for online shopping. In this case, Krapf Foods uses its website as part of their marketing strategy. A website is considered as one of the most effective marketing tools. According to most business analysts, a high-impact website is regarded as a remarkably potent marketing tool. Apart from acting as a marketing tool, websites enhance the image of an organization; they educate about the business and also serve as a communication tool with the customers (Moran & Hunt, 2008). All these features are included in Krapf Foods’ website. Krapf Foods’ website contains summarized information about the organizations’ business. This notifies the customers of what they are supposed to expect from this organization. The website also includes a news center whereby all the latest news regarding the organization is detailed. Furthermore, Krapf Foods has also included prior information about the company which also includes some of the major brands that the business deals with. This information is extremely critical in ensuring that the company attracts its target market. Moreover, Krapf also included an investor center section which allows investors to buy shares from the company. All the sections included in their website can significantly increase customer traffic.

View of Wordsworth Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

View of Wordsworth Poet - Essay Example Apart from what is read and learned he derived his philosophy based on his own life experience. The time he had spent in France was rather painful and difficult. His sojourn in France from 1791 to late 1792 had far reaching effect on his mind and heart. He became an ardent admirer of the revolution and the political philosophy that it entailed. Wordsworth was already biased towards ideas of freedom under natural law, a social system that allowed all men freedom to build their lives on truth and brotherhood. But at Paris power has passed into the hands of extremists who called for deaths of all aristocrats and the reign of terror was unleashed .This seemed to completely upset all the great members of Giroudist partly. He was even in danger of his life. His faith in the Revolution and all that it meant suffered a severe setback and upset his belief in human nature. He coined his own understanding of the world and of human mind in his own terms, formulated his own philosophies which app eared in many of his poems that served as stupendous literary works in English literature. The meeting with a lady, Annette Vallon, at Orleans was a turning point in his life. She gave birth to a child ‘Caroline ‘. But later due to the war he was unable to meet them. The desertion of Annette tormented him with remorse and affected his character and haunted his poetry for years. This episode in his life appears in ‘The Prelude’. His meeting with Coleridge at Bristol paved the way to a new era in literature. Coleridge had read Wordswoth’s early poems and was deeply impressed by them. In return both Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were stuck by the abilities displayed by the Coleridge. Having realized that the political reform and moral theory offered less improvement in the society, Wordswoth turned to nature. Nature that seemed to provide for man, to bless him with health and to keep him in contact with the essentials of Words worth’s great me ssage to his time were sown at this time. The Lyrical Ballard was the immediate outcome of this new association between Wordswoth and Coleridge. Its purpose was not merely to write in a manner different from neo-classical poets which would seem its purpose from the preface but also to present the meaning full experience of Nature which Wordswoth has now re-experienced in a manner which would convey its importance to all men. Wordswoth sought to replace with real and observed figures from the country side, the outworn mythology of Greece and Rome as the frame of reference for the poetry. Such humble and rustic men and women were also representatives of the great truths of life, the truth that man was happiest and the most free when he lived in communion with nature. Throughout the spring and summer of 1798 the philosophic framework for his concepts and ideas continued to develop under the stimulus of the wide ranging philosophical and theological knowledge of Coleridge. Wordsworth ow n personal experience and wisdom of the relationship between Man and Nature was supplemented and enriched by the new ideas of living and creating mind , that was the vital force operating in both Man and he Universe. This is the force that he addressed the spirit and wisdom of the universe in Book 1 of ‘The Prelude’. Later Coleridge identified Wordswoth’s introspective mind from the stories of his previous experiences of mystical and semi-mystical

Israel †Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay Example for Free

Israel – Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay Introduction At the time of cold war, democratic world was, virtually, confronted by only one threat, coming from communist regime of the Soviet Union. This foe, though being dangerous, was quite predictable and civilized to certain extent. After the cold war seized it seemed that world would finally find global peace and mutual consent. However, things turned different and such hopes vanished into a thin air. The world community faced new, formerly unwitnessed, threats related to religious, national, and ethnic intolerance. Commonly accepted, though ultimately mistaken, is the belief that the fighting against these threats must be narrowed down to the war against a particular enemy, world terrorism. Comparing the old and new world (time before and after the cold war) it must be noted that confrontation between democratic world and the Soviet Union was based on certain rules, preventing the world from the global conflict. Confrontation with a new enemy has no rules at all. It turns out that to settle a conflict of a new type is more difficult than it used to be, partially because of the reason that sometimes it is, practically, impossible to detect a real initiator of a conflict. All participators of a conflict are guilty. Besides, among the other significant reasons is the great number of conflicting parties and, as a consequence, there is a highly complicated interlacement of interests. To protect interests of one party without neglecting the interests of another one is almost an unattainable aim. The bright example of the conflict of new type is a currently continuing war between Israel and Lebanon. This war affects the events all over the world and American community in particular. Israel – Lebanon war raises an array of problems that need to be solved by the world leaders as soon as possible. Short Historical Background It is reported that â€Å"on 12 July 2006 Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise named for a â€Å"promise† by its leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah to capture Israeli soldiers and swap them for the remaining three Lebanese held by Israel. The early morning raid into Israeli territory resulted in eight Israeli soldiers killed and two captured. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward later renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israels retaliatory strike has thus far encompassed bombing raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), â€Å"a force of tanks and armored personnel carriers†, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ground troops. Hezbollah has concurrently engaged in extensive rocket attacks on Israels northern cities, including Haifa. However, the Lebanese government has constantly disavowed Hezbollahs actions and refused to condone them, while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict. † (Wikipedia) This short passage gives a clear and overall picture of the background of current situation in Middle East. It must be noted that Hezbollah operations on Israeli soldiers capture was preceded by Israel occupation of the west bank of the Jordan River and Gaza Strip. This occupation was in its turn preceded by â€Å"Hamas raid into Israel and capture of an Israeli soldier† (CNN. com) This bundle of events can be untwined to infinity. Analysis of events and their projection at US Foreign Policy The world community acknowledges that Hezbollah is a terrorist organization which directs its actions against Israeli state. Respectively, no one denies Israel’s right to protect itself and its citizens as well as no one rejects Israel’s demand to disarm or destroy this organization. However, Hezbollah located its military camps on the territory of sovereign state of Lebanon, the government of which is, virtually, incapable to control the activity of this organization. Now the issue of Israel self-defense arises from a different perspective: is Israel authorized to conduct military actions against terrorist organization on the territory of a sovereign country? And if initially most countries justified Israel’s actions, civilian casualties made the world be divided basing on its reaction to the Middle East conflict. As it is stated in the article at CNN. com â€Å"leaders in Europe and the Middle East see the attacks against Lebanon as disproportionate† and this statement provokes a new question: at what exactly moment these attacks became â€Å"disproportionate† and Israel self-defence transformed into aggression? When ten civilians were killed or twenty? This question is not a simple one as it raises the global problem of the right to resort to weapon against certain country. It is directly related to the American community and to get into the root of the matter it would be useful to have recourse to the investigation of the question of the legality of the USA invasion into Iraq. Speaking about military invasion legality, as Crahan states, â€Å"†¦ the answer may seem obvious: the U. N. is the worlds premier political body, its Charter requires Security Council authorization for the use of force [†¦]†. (Crahan et al. , p. 135) No one can disagree with this statement. The situation in which the force can be applied is also obvious: there should be continuous failure to execute resolutions, carried by UN Security Council, or their systematic violation. In particular, what concerns Iraq, there was an array of resolutions carried, which Iraq refused to execute. But it is necessary to clarify was it solely Iraq’s fault? As Crahan further continues â€Å"†¦the world body had failed in all those years to attain the goals that the President was seeking, in large part because the Council was bitterly and chronically divided on the critical question of how — sometimes even on whether — to enforce its numerous resolutions on Iraq. † (Crahan et al., 135) Thus it follows that the Council, while carrying its resolutions, even if under the pressure from U. S. side, itself resists their execution. Here the EC countries and Russia are to be fully reproached. No country in the world would execute any resolutions in such circumstances. However, when it came to the point when acts of force were very likely, Iraq, nevertheless, began to execute U. N. Security Council resolutions. But this time the USA and allies decided to launch the invasion with complete neglect to international law . Such total neglect to the Council resolutions, even by its permanent members, caused the situation where UN Council turned into a fake organization, unable to solve global conflicts. Now it is time to return to the case with Israel-Lebanon war, which is more complicated. It should be noted that this war is, virtually, the war of radical Arabs against Israeli country where, unfortunately, peaceful civilians have to suffer. The UN Security Council has passed corresponding resolutions against both enemy parties – Hezbollah organization and Israel. It must be observed that UN Security Council also passed the resolution concerning Hezbollah in 2004 , however, two years passed and it still was not applied either. Failure to fulfill this requirement was a formal ground for Israel to attack the territory of Lebanon. Moreover, the Security Cabinet of Israel â€Å"agreed Israel will not give up its demand for Lebanon to implement U. N. resolution 1559, which calls for the disarmament of Hezbollah and any other militias, and the deployment of the Lebanese army in south Lebanon†. (www. gopusa. com) However, scrutinizing this war in the context of the Arabs’ war against Israel, one should notice, that Israel made it its principle to violate UN resolutions as related to its enemies. It is necessary to mention the resolutions, the ground of which is the principle of â€Å"land for peace† (See resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003) at Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006). Also it must be noted that Hezbollah movement is supported by Syria and Iran. Syria regards Israel as enemy country due to the Israel’s occupation of Golan Heights, territory of Syria. The cessation of occupation of these territories, according to the â€Å"land for peace† resolution, would stop Syria’s support of Hezbollah. Important in that confrontation is the position of the USA. One should mention Council resolution, vetoed by US, which was forwarded by Qatar as of July 13 2006. Some excerpts from this resolution are relevant here: â€Å"The Security Council, Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular, 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003),†¦ Condemning military assault being carried out by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Gaza Strip, which has caused the killing and injury of dozens of Palestinian civilians, and the destruction of Palestinian property and civilian infrastructure, notably Gaza’s main power station, and condemning also the detention of democratically elected Palestinian and other officials, Condemning also the firing of rockets from Gaza into. Israel and the abduction of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza, and the recent abduction and killing of an Israeli civilian in the West Bank, †¦ Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of the abducted Israeli soldier;†¦ Calls upon the Palestinian Authority to take immediate and sustained action to bring an end to violence, including the firing of rockets on Israeli territory;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006) What exactly in this resolution was unacceptable for Bush’s administration that induced it to veto the given resolution? Was not it the fact that the resolution one more time reminded of systematic UN Council resolutions violation by Israel? Was not it a demonstration of double standards? The idea on this issue is clearly expressed in the article The Economist â€Å"Israel ignores the United Nations and has weapons of mass destruction. So why all the fuss about Iraq? Soon after invading Kuwait in 1990, Saddam Hussein realized that he had made a mistake. [†¦] But as the world debates the merits of another American-led war against Mr. Hussein, the idea has returned in a new form. Israel has violated countless UN resolutions and amassed weapons of mass destruction, say those who oppose this war. Why then is Iraq singled out for yet more punishment while the Israelis get off scot-free? † (www. economist. com, 2002). These question remains without answer. The analogy can be drawn between the case with Hezbollah and Israel and the behavior of a host as regards a thief. If a thief (Hezbollah) breaks into someone’s house (Israel) so what shall a host do? He should call police! (in case with Israel appeal to the UN Security Council). And what does the host do? He starts striking with his axe destroying everything on his way, including innocent neighbours. But as it turns out the host is himself on the wanted list for countless crimes (resolutions violation). What is then in this situation a host, victim or criminal? And who is to be protected by police (by the USA)? Exactly such inconsistency between the crime and punishment, elevation of one party and humiliation of another, provokes the Muslim world to hate the U. S. policy. Israel’s actions are treated by Arab countries as a challenge to the whole Muslim world. The USA and its citizens began to be looked at as Israel’s supporters who can disregard and manipulate international law leaning on their military and economic might. For a common American citizen this is a terrible situation. In any place of the world he or she becomes an object of hatred. US government’s attempt to protect its people in military manner (in Iraq) and ignoring Israel’s aggression created the situation when neither in Europe nor even at home the Americans can feel safe (9/11 events). In other words, military methods, unapproved by world community, in fact, helped to solve Iraq or Hezbollah problems but immediately generated many other problems. But will Israel attain its aim (peace and remove the threat) when civilians die? Most probably it will not, while killed Hezbollah militants will be replaced by others those, who formerly were peaceful civilians but began to hate Israel because of bombings and there will be the same old story again. The way out from this predicament is to defend not only the interests of own nation and citizens but stand upon the values common to all mankind. Thus Israel defends its citizens by bombing Lebanon but it does not care for dying civilians what leads to conflict escalation . Like Israel, other countries are not governed by human values too. Thus BBC reporting on the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon states: â€Å"A British warship has dropped off 180 UK citizens in Cyprus, and is returning to Beirut to pick up more people, A Norwegian ferry has taken hundreds of Norwegians, Swedes and Americans to Cyprus, while a US-chartered ship has left Beirut with US citizens† (BBC News). The immediate question arises: should not they take first women and children from the territory of conflict? Only when American community realizes that human values are more important than any other, national, religious, ethnic or racial interests, and politicians adhere to this principle, only then the attitude of the world towards the USA and its citizens will change. Another aspect, that American community is confronted with, is constantly increasing military expenses. One can extirpate radicalism and extremism by military means but there is also a chance first to find reasons that induce extremism and then try to eliminate these reasons. Thus Ahmad S. Mousalli in the article Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine claims that â€Å"†¦Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine †¦ are plagued, in one way or another, with poverty, inflation, underemployment, and exploitation. Many Palestinians or Egyptians, for instance, may turn to Islamism because of the corruption of their political elites, exploitation of the nouveau riche, nepotism, favoritism and the like. † (1996, 53) In this view the part of expenses, spent on army, could have been directed to support and reorganize economy of the Middle East countries. One more thing that deserves American community’s attention is that while possessing the veto power in UN Security Council, the US government abuses its power. To prove it there is a table below which shows the frequency of the use of the veto in the Security Council by different countries during the last decade. Period China* France Britain US Russia Total 2006 1 1 2005. 2004 2 1 3 2003 2 2 2002 2 2 2001 2 2 2000 0 1999 1 1 1998 0 1997 1 2 3 1996 0 Table is taken from Global Policy Forum â€Å"Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council† Retrieved from http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm The USA has a strong leading position in this table. This table is the confirmation of the following statement: â€Å"Many member states have expressed their criticism of the veto, arguing that the veto privilege is an anachronism responsible for much of the Security Councils undemocratic and ineffective procedures. Not surprisingly, those enjoying the power of the veto dont want to give it up. † (Global Policy Forum â€Å"The Power of the Veto†) So, the countries with veto power in Security Council should abandon it. Conclusion The situation around Israel and Lebanon is not an exceptional one; it reflects the general tension in the world. This war only confirms that the world policy desperately needs revision. It is necessary to establish new world order and the USA has to head this process. International relations must be established upon the principles different from those existing today, in particular, economically powerful country while taking any actions is obliged to take into account the interests of less developed countries. To settle conflicts it is necessary to resume the authority of United Nations and entitle it to make decisions as regards resorting to force in conflict settlement. The resolutions carried by this organization must be mandatory to all countries. This conclusion can be best supported by words uttered by the ex-president of the USA immediately after the cold war: â€Å"a new era-freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony a world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle where the strong respect the rights of the weak. † (Miller, Yetiv 2001, 56) Unfortunately, in 15 year period following that speech news line on BBC says: â€Å"The USA is going to accelerate military supplies of high-precision missiles to Israel†. (BBC News) This is exactly the way George Bush junior and Israel decided to realize Bush senior’s dream of the harmony in the world. Works Cited BBC News Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids BBC News 19 July 2006. 22 July 2006 http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5193662. stm. Crahan, Margaret E. , Goering John, and Weiss Thomas G. Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York: Routledge, 2004. Global Policy Forum Draft Resolution Proposed by Qatar, Vetoed By US.. July 13, 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/issues/israel-palestine/un/2006/0714draft. htm Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto. July 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/membship/veto. htm Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council July 2006 http://globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm Hezbollah battle along border. United Press International. Gopusa; Israel. 19 July 2006 http://www. gopusa. com/news/2006/july/0719_israel_hezbollah. shtml. Kirkwood-Tucker, Toni Fuss. â€Å"Germanys Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U. S. -German Relations. † Social Education. 68. 4 (2004): 285+. Labott, Elise U. S. diplomatic options limited in Israel-Lebanon conflict. CNN. com Jul 15, 2006. 22 July 2006 http://www. cnn. com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/15/btsc. labott. diplomacy Miller, Eric A. , and Yetiv Steve A. â€Å"The New World Order in Theory and Practice: The Bush Administrations Worldview in Transition. † Presidential Studies Quarterly 31. 1 (2001): 56. Mousalli, Ahmad S. â€Å"Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response: The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine. † Arab Studies Quarterly 18. 3 (1996): 53+. Press Release SC/8181. Security Council. 09 Feb. 2004 http://www. un. org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8181. doc. htm. 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 July 2006 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict

Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel written by Harper Lee. It was published in 1960 by J.B. Lippincott Company in Philadelphia & New York. This is the only book that Harper Lee has ever written. It is also one of the best-loved novels in American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. Lee is a very private person who doesn’t grant interviews, although her literary agent says she divides her time between her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama and New York. She also enjoys reading, and her favorite authors are Jane Austen, Charles Lamb, and Robert Louis Stevenson. She has said that her novel about a white southern lawyer defending an innocent black man is not autobiographical. But her father was a lawyer, and the inspiration for the character Atticus Finch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To Kill a Mockingbird is about a young girl named Jean-Louise Finch, who they call Scout, her brother Jeremy, nick-named Jem, and many other characters. Their father Atticus, who is a lawyer, had been given a case to handle and did not have a choice but to receive it and work his best for his client. The case was about an African man, named Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping a white woman. This case causes many problems that they have to deal with everyday. The entire town turns against them saying that Atticus is a â€Å"nigger-lover.† Even Atticus’ family turned against them, which really hurts Scout, especially when her cousin Francis says â€Å"I guess it ain’t your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger-lover besides, but I’m here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the family-† (Harper 91).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Racism is a major theme in this story along with growing up. Throughout the story the reader sees how Scout and Jem are afraid of Boo Radley because they think he is a monster and try to tease him. Later in the novel they are no longer afraid of him and no longer interested in teasing him. Another example of their maturity is how they view people. When Scout and Jem see how Tom Robinson is treated just because he is black, they begin to understand the meaning of prejudice. Throughout the trial Scout watched and believed that Tom will be found innocent. Instead he is found guilty. Her disappointment in the verdict makes Scout question the idea of justice. Scout and Jem also think that their dad isn’t like any other fathers in school, but as the book goes on, their attitude towards their father has changed, which is another sign of maturity.

Cellular Adaptation

In cell biology and Pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes. [1] The adaptation may be physiologic(al) (normal) or pathologic(al) (abnormal). Five major types of adaptation include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Atrophy is a decrease in cell size. If enough cells in an organ atrophy the entire organ will decrease in size. Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example of physiologic atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common pathologic adaptation to skeletal muscle disuse (commonly called â€Å"disuse atrophy). Tissue and organs especially susceptible to atrophy include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, secondary sex organs, and the brain. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. If enough cells of an organ hypertrophy so will the whole organ. The heart and kidneys have increased susceptibility to hypertrophy. Hypertrophy involves an increase in intracellular protein rather than cytosol (intracellular fluid). Hypertrophy may be caused by mechanical signals (e. g. , stretch) or trophic signals (e. g. , growth factors). An example of physiologic hypertrophy is in skeletal muscle with sustained weight bearing exercise. An example of pathologic hypertrophy is in cardiac muscle as a result of hypertension. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells. It is the result of increased cell mitosis, or division. The two types of physiologic hyperplasia are compensatory and hormonal. Compensatory hyperplasia permits tissue and organ regeneration. It is common in epithelial cells of the epidermis and intestine, liver hepatocytes, bone marrow cells, and fibroblasts. It occurs to a lesser extent in bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells. Hormonal hyperplasia occurs mainly in organs that depend on estrogen. For example, the estrogen-dependent uterine cells undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy following pregnancy. Pathologic hyperplasia is an abnormal increase in cell division. A common pathologic hyperplasia in women occurs in the endometrium and is called endometriosis. Dysplasia refers generally to abnormal changes in cellular shape, size, and/or organization. Dysplasia is not considered a true adaptation; rather, it is thought to be related to hyperplasia and is sometimes called â€Å"atypical hyperplasia. † Tissues prone to dysplasia include cervical and respiratory epithelia. Dysplasia often occurs in the vicinity of cancerous cells, and it may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Metaplasia occurs when a differentiated cell of a certain type is replaced by another cell type, which may be less differentiated. It is a reversible process thought to be caused by stem cell reprogramming. Stem cells are found in epithelia and embryonic mesenchyme of connective tissue. A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with the respiratory tract in response to inhalation of irritants, such as smog or smoke. The bronchial cells convert from mucus-secreting, ciliated, columnar epithelium to non-ciliated, squamous epithelium incapable of secreting mucus. These transformed cells may become dysplasic or cancerous if the stimulus (e. g. , cigarette smoking) is not removed.

Altar Is a Sign of Religious People Essay

Filipinos have forever been said to be religious people – in fact, too religious, if one might say. It is one characteristic of Filipinos that describes their identity. Try entering houses of Filipinos you know, you would notice there would always be a special place for their altars. They always reserve a certain part in their houses not always necessarily as a â€Å"place of worship† but sometimes just for the traditional way of being religious. Altars are first introduced in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial times. They mostly consist of saints in different carvings, either with the use of wood or ivory. Eventually, having an altar inside the house grew as a Filipino tradition that until now is observed. In an altar, the primary attraction is either the figure of Jesus or the Virgin Mary, perfectly crafted and painted. When the figure does not include carved garments, rich ornate robes of satin were fashioned. Beads of gold and silver accentuate their clothing. Altars in different homes may vary depending on their size, location or adornments. There are altars exaggeratedly huge and elegant, adorned with different statues of angels and saints in a rock formation backdrop. Sometimes, altars and gardens are combined as one, producing a beautiful scenery. These kind are those seen outside their houses, located in their backyard. Such altar may contain of a small pond surrounded by flowers of different colors and plants of different sizes with the statue of the Virgin Mary centered inside. There are also the simple and ordinary altars inside their houses. It is usually easily seen upon entrance inside a house of a Filipino. The reason for this is because when they enter and leave the house, they touch or kiss the forehead of the figure. Mostly, the important components of such altars are candles, rosary, the Bible, a crucifix and of course, the figure of the Virgin Mary and/or Jesus. Ornamentation are only added optionally. Plastic plants/flowers may be used or sometimes the better, fresh flowers. Specifically, Filipinos most often prefer sampaguita. Aside from the fact that it has a unique sweet smell, it is cheap. Sampaguitas are hung like a lei on the body of the figure. Not only are altars found in a Filipino’s home. Even schools hear in our country have small altars located inside their classrooms. Most commonly, they are located on one corner of the classroom. Usually, a small table covered in clean white cloth serves as the base of the altar. The usual things are placed on top of the table, only that they are in a much smaller version. Pictures of the Holy Family are also sometimes posted on the wall. Altars symbolize the devotion of the Filipinos to their Catholic religion. It had been an important part of their tradition. Hopefully, as years go by, they may not be forgotten.

How to Write a Financial Case Study

How to Write a Financial Case Study How to Write a Financial Case Study A financial case study is important in that it helps the finances student as well as financial practitioners in the mastery of the elements described in financial planning standards. The procedure used in writing a financial case study is one of the simplest to follow. This is primarily because it basically consists of specified figures, hence, simplicity. The initial step in the writing of a financial case study involves evaluating a client’s financial situation and identifying specific goals as well as stating the objective of the case study, which might be to avoid the mismanagement of funds for a particular individual or an organization, for example. The second step is to determine the main areas that are to be addressed in a financial plan. Later, the writing of a plan will include the methods that will be used in order to maintain cash flow while minimizing its wastage. The fourth step is the identification of any additional data that could be useful in the establishment of a financial plan. Lastly, various strategies are utilized and recommendations given in the financial plan to satisfactorily address the user’s needs. It is of crucial importance to follow the careful structure of a financial case study when composing its draft or outline. This will affect the logic and flow of narration in the paper. No matter which topic you select to explore, no structural component can be omitted. It is sometimes also important to receive feedback from your supervisor or scientific advisor on the initial stage of researching. This will help to direct your work in an appropriate manner. Additionally, be certain to proofread, edit, and double-spellcheck your composed paper before submitting it. A poorly written paper containing mistakes and other flaws will hardly earn a high grade. Finally, be aware of plagiarism! This is a very serious issue that may lead to major negative consequences affecting your academic career. Properly cite all sources used in your financial case study to ensure that you have not stolen somebodys words, ideas, or research, be it in print, online, or in some other format. Composing a financial case study is quite a complicated matter, so one can sometimes find it difficult to handle especially if one lacks time, skills, and subject knowledge. Still, this is not a reason to lose heart. You can always depend on the professional help of a custom writing company. These days, you may choose one from a wide range of online agencies and entrust your financial case study to their writers. Do not doubt that your paper will be composed and submitted to you by a given deadline and according to your specified requirements. Academic writers at can provide you with quality Finance case study help starting at $13/page. We guarantee non-plagiarized custom case studies with timely delivery.

Next Plc Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Next Plc Marketing - Case Study Example In 1981 Hepwrth bught the chin f Kendlls shps t estblish new Wmenswer grup f shps. This ws the birth f NEXT. NEXT pertes thrugh five divisins: NEXT Retil pertes the high street shps thrugh mre thn 330 stres cvering the UK nd Irelnd; NEXT Directry is the mil rder divisin which ls cntin the e-cmmerce pltfrm; NEXT verses pertes retil utlets in the United Sttes, si, Cntinentl Eurpe, nd the Middle Est thrugh frnchise greements; Ventur runs the finncil services divisin. ther ctivities include telecmmunictins sftwre services nd prperty mngement. The UK retil clthing mrket is diminishing mrket. The industry is verwhelmed with cmpetitin frm cmpnies which hve invested in hi-tech mchinery leding t greter efficiency r hve plced their prductin t fctries in chep lbur cst cuntries t prduce their prducts. Clthes retilers fll int tw brd ctegries: firstly, thse selling wn-brnd clthing nd, secndly, thse selling third-prty wer. Mjr retilers such s Mrks & Spencer nd the rcdi Grup re gd exmples f the first grup, s re chin pertins such s NEXT nd Gp. The secnd grup includes the mjr deprtment stres nd the mjrity f independent retilers in the UK. The pliticl envirnment f the NEXT plc is quite gd s the stble nd relible ntwithstnding tht Britin filed t rech the greement with sme EU plicies frm time t time. t the present n EU directives re knwn which will hve direct effect n the UK clthing retil industry in the ner future. Due t the EU membership trend cn be seen twrds stricter envirnmentl prtectin legisltin. This my hve direct r indirect effect n NEXT r his suppliers. Ecnmic fctrs Lking t the ecnmic envirnment, it is smewht tricky since n the ne hnd there is the strng sterling cmpred t the Eur. Eurlnd encurges imprts nd endevurs t hld dmestic prices t n ttrctive level. But n the ther hnd it is difficult fr the UK t be cmpetitive utside its bundries becuse f the high pund sterling exchnge rte ginst the Eur. nther issue is the flling unemplyment rte. Fr the UK ppultin this is gd news but fr cmpnies like NEXT, this hs different implictins. Fr NEXT it mens higher expenditure n wges, s well s greter difficulties in recruiting gd emplyees. Scil fctrs Speking f the sci-culturl future it shuld be mentined tht peple retire erlier these dys, s well s wrking shrter hurs. verge wrking hurs per week hve decresed ver the lst 20 yers. s result mny peple hve mre spre time. This mens they hve time t cmpre prices in the High Street nd the qulity f gds nd services frm retilers. But s result, they spend mre time in the shps. nther issue these dys re the "Green envirnmentl issues". Becuse peple hve mre time nd hve mple ccess t the medi vi the TV, rdi, s well s newsppers nd the Internet, the cnsumer

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Case Study Example 2. The nurses are negligent for delaying their medication documentation for such a long period of time as the next day. The fact that a medication is not documented endangers the patient of receiving too little or too much of the medications on subsequent shifts when other nurse have no way of knowing that there are missing entries in the records. 3. When the root of the problem or cause of the situation is evaluated the ethical principles which must be considered are patient safety first and foremost. Standards of practice should also be evaluated and the facility policy on medication should be evaluated to ensure that it is clear in all areas of medication administration. 4. If the case was heard in court the charges would likely be malpractice and negligence. Negligence and or malpractice can be defined as ‘the doing of something a reasonably prudent person would not do,’ it must be shown that the standard of care what deviated and that there were damages or injuries because of the negligence or malpractice (Understanding Negligence, 2012). The possibility of something dangerous or injurious to a patient due to medication errors such as those described is very strong and often nurses are taken to court for the same errors which end up causing injury to a plaintiff. Because there were no injuries reported or complaints from patients described it is less likely that the case would require court charges against the nurse. 1. The primary defendant in this case would be the original nurse suspected; however after the testimony and other nurse’s acknowledging their own wrongdoing and medication errors they should be suspended and held liable as well. The plaintiff could be the facility if they chose to bring charges against the nurse which is unlikely as this was cause negativity towards the facility. Most likely if charges were brought against the nurse they would stem from a patient incident. 2. The court would probably rule in